CentOS 8安装Python3.9

Python 是一种高级编程语言广泛用于 web 开发、数据分析、人工智能、科学计算等领域。最新版的 Python3.9 在性能、安全性、易用性等方面都有了很多改进和优化因此很多开发者都希望能在 CentOS 8 上安装 Python3.9。

准备工作

在安装 Python3.9 之前我们需要准备以下工具：

CentOS 8 系统

Root 用户权限

稳定的网络连接

安装依赖包

在安装 Python3.9 之前需要先安装一些依赖包。使用以下命令安装所需依赖：

CentOS 8

sudo dnf install -y gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi libffi-devel

Ubuntu 20.04

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget python3-dev

下载、编译和安装 Python3.9

现在我们可以开始下载并编译 Python3.9。

前往 Python3.9 下载页面 https://www.python.org/downloads/下载最新的 Python3.9 源代码或者使用以下命令从官方网站下载 Python3.9 源代码：

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.0/Python-3.9.0.tgz

下载完成后解压缩文件：

tar -zxvf Python-3.9.0.tgz

进入目录执行以下命令：

./configure --enable-optimizations

执行以下命令进行编译和安装：

sudo make altinstall

这会安装 Python3.9 到 /usr/local/bin/python3.9。

设置默认 Python 版本

安装 Python3.9 后您可能希望将其设置为默认 Python 版本。默认情况下CentOS 8 中的 Python 版本为 Python 2.7 和 Python 3.6。

要设置 Python3.9 为默认版本请依次执行以下命令：

sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/bin/python3.9 1

sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.9 1

最后使用以下命令检查 Python 版本是否正确：

python3 -V

您应该看到输出的 Python 版本是 3.9。

Conclusion

本文介绍了如何在 CentOS 8 上安装 Python3.9。首先我们需要先安装所需的依赖包。然后使用 Python3.9 源代码编译和安装 Python3.9。最后我们需要将 Python3.9 设置为默认 Python 版本。

CentOS 8 Installation of Python3.9

Python is a high-level programming language widely used in web development, data ****ysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and other areas. The latest version of Python3.9 has many improvements and optimizations in performance, security, and usability, so many developers hope to install Python3.9 on CentOS 8.

Preparation Work

Before installing Python3.9, we need to prepare the following tools:

CentOS 8 system

Root user privileges

Stable network connection

Install Dependency Packages

Before installing Python3.9, you need to install some dependency packages. Use the following command to install the required dependencies:

CentOS 8

sudo dnf install -y gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi libffi-devel

Ubuntu 20.04

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget python3-dev

Download, Compile and Install Python3.9

Now we can begin downloading and compiling Python3.9.

Go to the Python3.9 download page (https://www.python.org/downloads/) to download the latest Python3.9 source code, or use the following command to download the Python3.9 source code from the official website:

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.0/Python-3.9.0.tgz

After the download is complete, decompress the file:

tar -zxvf Python-3.9.0.tgz

Enter the directory and execute the following command:

./configure --enable-optimizations

Execute the following command to compile and install:

sudo make altinstall

This will install Python3.9 to /usr/local/bin/python3.9.

Set Default Python Version

After installing Python3.9, you may want to set it as the default Python version. By default, the Python version in CentOS 8 is Python 2.7 and Python 3.6.

To set Python3.9 as the default version, execute the following commands in order:

sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/bin/python3.9 1

sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.9 1

Finally, use the following command to check if the Python version is correct:

python3 -V

You should see the output Python version 3.9.

Conclusion

This article introduces how to install Python3.9 on CentOS 8. First, we need to install the required dependency packages. Then, compile and install Python3.9 using Python3.9 source code. Finally, we need to set Python3.9 as the default Python version.

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